Choose the right Incoterm 2020
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Compares all 11 Incoterms 2020 — EXW, FCA, FOB, CIF, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU, DDP and more — to pick the optimal term for your shipment with risk transfer, insurance and customs breakdown explained.
Most businesses choose Incoterms incorrectly — creating hidden costs, insurance gaps, and customs delays. Our AI advisor finds the optimal Incoterm and explains exactly why.
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Incoterms® 2020 Reference
All 11 terms — click any card to see buyer & seller responsibilities
Ex Works
At the seller's premises
The seller makes goods available at their premises. The buyer bears all costs and risks from that point, including export clearance, loading, and the entire transport chain.
Free Carrier
Delivered to carrier at named place
The seller delivers goods to a named carrier (or other nominated person) at an agreed place. The seller handles export clearance. Risk transfers when goods are handed over to the first carrier.
Free Alongside Ship
Alongside the vessel at port of origin
The seller delivers goods alongside the nominated vessel at the port of shipment. The seller handles export customs. The buyer takes risk from the quayside and arranges loading, main carriage, and insurance.
Free On Board
Risk transfers on board the vessel
The seller delivers goods on board the vessel nominated by the buyer at the port of shipment. The seller handles export customs and loading. Risk transfers once goods are on board.
Cost and Freight
Seller pays freight, risk transfers at origin
The seller pays freight costs to the destination port. However, risk transfers to the buyer once goods are on board at the port of origin. The buyer must arrange cargo insurance independently.
Cost, Insurance and Freight
Seller pays freight and minimum insurance
The seller pays freight and provides minimum cargo insurance (ICC C / Institute Cargo Clauses C) to the destination port. Risk still transfers to the buyer at the port of origin.
Carriage Paid To
Seller pays freight to named destination
The seller pays freight costs to a named destination. However, risk transfers when goods are handed over to the first carrier. Works with any transport mode.
Carriage and Insurance Paid To
Seller pays freight and comprehensive insurance
The seller pays freight and provides comprehensive insurance (ICC A) to a named destination. Risk transfers at the first carrier. Works with any transport mode — the modern preferred alternative to CIF.
Delivered At Place
Delivered to named place, unloading = buyer
The seller delivers goods at a named destination, ready for unloading. The seller bears all costs and risks to the destination. Import customs and duties are the buyer's responsibility.
Delivered at Place Unloaded
Seller unloads at named terminal/place
Formerly DAT (Delivered At Terminal). The seller delivers and unloads the goods at a named terminal or place of destination. The seller bears the cost and risk of unloading. Import customs and duties are the buyer's responsibility.
Delivered Duty Paid
Maximum seller responsibility — duties included
The seller bears all costs and risks to the buyer's named destination, including import customs clearance and payment of all duties and taxes. This is the maximum obligation for a seller.
Incoterms® is a registered trademark of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). ICC Incoterms® 2020
Incoterms 2020 — Frequently Asked Questions
Quick answers to the most common questions about Incoterms 2020 rules
Incoterms 2020 are 11 standardised three-letter trade terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce that define who is responsible for transport, insurance, customs clearance, and risk transfer in international shipments. The 11 codes are EXW, FCA, FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU and DDP. They are updated roughly every 10 years; Incoterms 2020 replaced Incoterms 2010 on 1 January 2020.
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